tmux

Tmux is an excellent terminal multiplexer, similar to GNU Screen but originating from OpenBSD and licensed under BSD.

Description

The most intuitive benefit of using it is that after logging in to a remote host through a terminal and running tmux, you can open multiple consoles within it without "wasting" extra terminals to connect to the remote host.

Enable mouse wheel scrolling: ctrl+b, press colon : to enter command-line mode, then type set -g mouse on and press Enter.

Features

Provides a powerful and easy-to-use command-line interface.
Supports horizontal and vertical window splitting.
Panes can be moved and resized freely, or you can use one of the four preset layouts.
Supports UTF-8 encoding and 256-color terminals.
Copy and paste across multiple buffers.
Select windows, sessions, and clients via an interactive menu.
Supports searching across windows.
Supports automatic and manual window locking.

Installation

# On macOS, install via brew
brew install tmux
# On Ubuntu, install directly via apt-get
sudo apt-get install tmux
# On CentOS 7, install directly via yum
yum install -y tmux

# On CentOS 6, manual compilation is required
yum install libevent libevent-devel ncurses-devel
tar -zvxf tmux-2.3.tar.gz # (Download beforehand: wget https://github.com/tmux/tmux/releases/download/2.3/tmux-2.3.tar.gz)
cd tmux-2.3
./configure
make && make install

Shortcut Usage Guide

Shortcut	Description
Ctrl+b	Activate the console; subsequent keys take effect after this

System Operations

Shortcut	Description
?	List all shortcuts; press q to return
d	Detach from current session; you can return to the Shell and use `tmux attach` to re-enter
D	Select a session to detach; used when multiple sessions are open
Ctrl+z	Suspend current session
r	Force redraw of a non-detached session
s	Select and switch session; used when multiple sessions are open
:	Enter command-line mode; you can input supported commands, e.g., `kill-server` to stop the server
[	Enter copy mode; operations are similar to vi/emacs, press q/Esc to exit
~	List prompt message buffer; contains various messages previously returned by tmux

Window Operations

Shortcut	Description
c	Create a new window
&	Close current window
Digit	Switch to the specified window
p	Switch to the previous window
n	Switch to the next window
l	Switch between the last two windows
w	Switch window via window list
,	Rename current window for easier identification
.	Change current window number (reorder windows)
f	Find specified text in all windows

Pane Operations

Shortcut	Description
”	Split current pane horizontally into two
%	Split current pane vertically into two
x	Close current pane
!	Move current pane to a new window
Ctrl+Arrow	Resize current pane by 1 cell
Alt+Arrow	Resize current pane by 5 cells
Space	Cycle through preset pane layouts (even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, tiled)
q	Display pane numbers
o	Select the next pane in the current window
Arrow Keys	Move cursor to select pane
{	Swap current pane with previous one
}	Swap current pane with next one
Alt+o	Rotate panes in the current window counter-clockwise
Ctrl+o	Rotate panes in the current window clockwise

After entering the tmux panel, you must first press ctrl+b, release it, and then press other key combinations.
Frequently used combinations:

ctrl+b ?        # Display shortcut help
ctrl+b Space    # Use next built-in layout; interesting for displaying multiple screens vertically
ctrl+b !        # Turn current pane into a new window
ctrl+b  "       # Split window horizontally
ctrl+b %        # Split window vertically
ctrl+b q        # Show pane numbers
ctrl+b o        # Jump to next pane; switch between multiple screens
ctrl+b Arrows   # Previous and next pane
ctrl+b C-Arrows # Resize pane
ctrl+b &        # Exit current tmux after confirmation
ctrl+b [        # Copy mode: moves current screen to previous position, all others move forward
ctrl+b c        # Create new window
ctrl+b n        # Select next window
ctrl+b l        # Last used window
ctrl+b p        # Select previous window
ctrl+b w        # Display and select window via menu
ctrl+b s        # Display and select session via menu; commonly used to choose which tmux to enter
ctrl+b t        # Show clock; press Enter to return to shell
ctrl+b d        # Detach current session; return to Shell and use `tmux attach` to re-enter

References

Tmux Official Site: http://tmux.github.io/